LEXICOGRAPHY: SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS AND HOMONYMS IN ENGLISH
Keywords:
KEY WORDS: Homonymy Homophones Homographs Lexical vs. lexico-grammatical Full vs. partial paradigms Synonym hierarchy Ideographic synonyms Antonym types (absolute, derivational, contextual) Conversive relations Word-building processes (conversion, borrowing, phonetic change)Abstract
ABSTRACT: Lexical relations such as homonymy, synonymy, and antonymy
constitute the backbone of meaning organization in English and many other languages.
Homonyms are words that share either sound, spelling, or both while diverging in
meaning and grammatical distribution. They are traditionally divided into three
primary types: (1) homonyms proper, which are identical in both pronunciation and
orthography (bank meaning a riverbank versus a financial institution); (2)
homophones, which share pronunciation but differ in spelling (knight versus night);
and (3) homographs, which share spelling but differ in pronunciation or sense (bow [the
front of a ship] versus bow [to bend]. Further subclassifications consider part-of-speech
alignment—lexical homonyms belong to the same grammatical category, whereas
lexico-grammatical homonyms cross categories (left the direction versus left the past
of leave)—and paradigm overlap, distinguishing full homonyms whose inflectional
paradigms match (match → matches) from partial homonyms whose paradigms only
partially coincide (lie → lying vs. lied). Synonymy involves distinct lexical items that
convey overlapping denotative content but differ in distributional frequency, stylistic
register, intensity, duration, or contextual suitability.
References
1. The role of synonyms, homonyms and antonyms in the teaching process of Foreign
language: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-role-of-synonyms-antonyms-and-
homonyms-in-language-structure-function-and-application by K.Sevinch, k.Adiba
2. The semantic aspect of the acquisition of synonyms, homonyms and antonyms in
the teaching process of English as a foreign language:
https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/1555 by K.Kostadinovska and
Stodjevstva
3. ANTONYMS AND SYNONYMS IN CONTEXT CONNOTATIVE MEANING:
https://www.ajhuman.uz/files/h/32560141266/Ilmiy_xabarnoma._G.T._03.24._(2
0.09.24).pdf#page=89 by DS Nematova, GA Soliyeva
4. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE:
http://journalss.org/index.php/tad/article/download/6354/6033 KA Nasirovna
5. Semasiology and Semantics: Understanding The Relationship Between Meaning
and Word Usage: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/semasiology-and-semantics-
understanding-the-relationship-between-meaning-and-word-usage Kasimova A, B
Axrorbek, T Nematillo
6. Studfiles:https://studfile.net/preview/9013052/page:6/
7. Scholastic dictionary of Synonyms, Antonyms and Homonyms
8. Oxford English Dictionary: https://www.oed.com/
