MAHALLIY KO‘MIR QATRONI TARKIBIDAN GETEROSIKLIK BIRIKMALARNI AJRATIB OLISHNING ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: ko‘mir qatroni, geterosiklik birikmalar, piridin, xinolin, indol, karbazol, selektiv ekstraksiya, ion suyuqliklari, chuqur evtektik erituvchilar, adsorbsiya, texnologik baholash.Abstract
Annotatsiya
Maqolada mahalliy ko‘mir qatroni tarkibidan geterosiklik birikmalarni ajratib
olishning zamonaviy texnologik yondashuvlari tahlil qilindi. Ko‘mir qatroni murakkab
ko‘p komponentli xomashyo bo‘lib, uning tarkibida policiklik aromatik
uglevodorodlar bilan bir qatorda azot, kislorod va oltingugurt tutgan geterosiklik
birikmalar ham uchraydi. Bunday birikmalar, xususan piridin, xinolin, indol, karbazol,
akridin, benzofuran va tiofen hosilalari farmatsevtika, bo‘yoq moddalar,
agroximikatlar, korroziya ingibitorlari, polimer qo‘shimchalari hamda maxsus organik
sintez mahsulotlari uchun qimmatli oraliq mahsulotlar hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga,
ular katalizatorlarni zaharlashi, gidrotozalash jarayonlarida energiya sarfini oshirishi
va ekologik xavf tug‘dirishi sababli qatronni chuqur qayta ishlashdan oldin selektiv
ajratish talab etiladi. Ishda fraksion haydash, kislota-ishqorli ekstraksiya, organik
erituvchilar bilan ekstraksiya, ion suyuqliklari, chuqur evtektik erituvchilar, adsorbsion
ajratish, membranali jarayonlar, kristallash va katalitik gidrodenitrogenlash usullari
ilmiy-texnologik nuqtayi nazardan baholandi. Mahalliy ko‘mir qatroni uchun ko‘p
bosqichli, resurs-tejamkor va ekologik xavfsiz texnologik sxema taklif qilindi:
dastlabki suvsizlantirish va fraksiyalash, maqsadli fraksiyalarni selektiv
ekstraksiyalash, adsorbsion tozalash, kristallash yoki qayta haydash orqali yakuniy
tozalash hamda erituvchilarni regeneratsiya qilish. Tahlil natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki,
mahalliy xomashyo uchun bitta universal usul yetarli emas; yuqori selektivlikka
erishish uchun ekstraksiya, adsorbsiya va past haroratli fraksion ajratish
integratsiyalangan holda qo‘llanishi maqsadga muvofiq.
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