YAKKA HUJAYRA DARAJASIDA TAHLIL ATSIDOZ VA ALKALOZ SHAROITIDA EOZINOFILLARNING TURLI KICHIK TIPLARGA AJRALISHI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: eozinofillar, atsidoz, alkaloz, pH muhit, hujayra kichik turlari, fenotipik geterogenlik, yallig‘lanish, apoptoz, degranulyatsiya, mikromuhit.Abstract
Annotatsiya: Ushbu sharhli maqola atsidoz (kislotali muhit) va alkaloz (ishqoriy
muhit) sharoitlarida eozinofil granulotsitlarning kichik turlarga ajralishi va ularning
funktsional qayta tuzilishini yakka hujayra darajasidagi zamonaviy tahlil usullari
asosida o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. So‘nggi o‘n yillikda olib borilgan ilmiy
tadqiqotlar eozinofillarning nafaqat allergik va parazitar kasalliklardagi an’anaviy
roli, balki ularning turli to‘qima mikromuhitlariga moslashuvchan va fenotipik
jihatdan geterogen hujayralar ekanligini isbotladi [1]. Ayniqsa, hujayradan tashqari
muhitning pH darajasining o‘zgarishi eozinofillarning yashash muddati,
degranulyatsiya faolligi, ekstrasellyulyar tuzoqlar hosil qilish qobiliyati va ularning
yallig‘lanish reaksiyalaridagi ishtirok darajasiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi [2].
Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, atsidoz sharoitida eozinofillar apoptozga chidamlilik
kasb etadi va uzoqroq yashaydi, bu esa surunkali yallig‘lanish jarayonlarining
saqlanib qolishiga olib keladi [3]. Atsidozning bu ta’siri siklik adenozin monofosfat
(tsAMF) yo‘lining faollashishi va G-oqsil bilan bog‘langan retseptor 65 (GPR65)
orqali amalga oshiriladi [4]. Aksincha, alkaloz sharoitida eozinofillar faollashuvining
oshishi, ularning to‘qimalarga migratsiyasining kuchayishi va trombozga moyillikning
ortishi kuzatiladi [5]. Maqolada, shuningdek, eozinofillarning asosiy ikki kichik turi -
yallig‘lanishga qarshi pro-eozinofillar va homeostazni saqlovchi regulyator
eozinofillar haqidagi zamonaviy tushunchalar tahlil qilinadi [6]. Yakka hujayra RNK
ketma-ketliklarini aniqlash (single-cell RNK sequencing) va massa spektrometriyasi
kabi yuqori o‘tkazuvchanlikka ega texnologiyalar pH ta’sirida eozinofillar gen
ekspressiyasidagi o‘zgarishlarni aniqlash imkonini berdi [7]. Ushbu sharhda 2015-
2025 yillar oralig‘ida nashr etilgan xalqaro ilmiy bazalardagi tadqiqotlar natijalari
tizimlashtirilgan bo‘lib, natijalar atsidoz va alkaloz sharoitlarida eozinofillarning
fenotipik o‘zgarishlari mexanizmlarini va ularning klinik ahamiyatini yoritadi.
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