QONNING KISLOTALANISHI SHAROITIDA MONOTSITLARNING XOLESTERIN BILAN ISHLASH QOBILIYATI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: monotsitlar, makrofaglar, ko‘pik hujayra, kislotali muhit, xolesterin, ateroskleroz, ACAT1 fermenti, past zichlikdagi lipoproteinlar, lizosoma sinapsi, hujayra ichi pH.Abstract
Annotatsiya: Ateroskleroz butun dunyo bo‘ylab kardiovaskulyar kasallanish va
o‘limning asosiy sabablaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. Ushbu patologik jarayonning
markaziy bosqichi bu monotsitlarning arterial intima qatlamiga infiltratsiyasi,
ularning makrofaglarga differentsiatsiyasi va keyinchalik xolesterin bilan yuklanishi
natijasida “ko‘pik hujayra” (foam cell) ga aylanishidir [2]. Ko‘pik hujayralarining
to‘planishi aterosklerotik blyashkaning shakllanishi va beqarorlashuvida hal qiluvchi
rol o‘ynaydi [1]. So‘nggi o‘n yillikdagi ilmiy tadqiqotlar aterosklerotik lezyonlarning,
ayniqsa ularning rivojlangan va lipidlarga boy hududlarida, hujayradan tashqari
muhitning kislotalashishini aniq ko‘rsatdi [2]. Ushbu kislotali mikro muhit (pH 5.5 -
6.5 gacha) monotsitlardan kelib chiqqan makrofaglarning xolesterin metabolizmini
tubdan o‘zgartirishi mumkin [3]. Mazkur sharhli maqolaning asosiy maqsadi qonning
kislotalanishi sharoitida monotsitlarning xolesterin bilan ishlash qobiliyatining
o‘zgarish mexanizmlari va “ko‘pik hujayra” hosil bo‘lish jarayonlarini chuqur
yoritishdan iborat. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, kislotali muhit makrofaglar
yuzasida proteoglikanlar ishlab chiqarilishini oshirib, past zichlikdagi
lipoproteinlarning (PZLP) bog‘lanishi va hujayra ichiga olinishini kuchaytiradi [1].
Shu bilan birga, hujayra ichi pH ning pasayishi (kislotalanishi) xolesterinni
esterlaydigan asosiy ferment ACAT1 faolligini sezilarli darajada susaytiradi, bu esa
erkin xolesterinning hujayrada to‘planishiga va uning sitotoksik ta’siriga olib keladi
[2]. Bundan tashqari, makrofaglar tomonidan yig‘ilgan past zichlikdagi
lipoproteinlarni hazm qilish uchun maxsus “lizosoma sinapsi” deb ataladigan kislotali
hujayradan tashqari bo‘shliq yaratilishi ham ko‘pik hujayra hosil bo‘lishining muhim
mexanizmlaridan biri sifatida tavsiflangan [8]. Ushbu sharhda 2015-2025 yillar
oralig‘ida nashr etilgan ilmiy asoslangan maqolalar va tadqiqot natijalariga tayangan
holda, kislotali mikro muhitning xolesterin metabolizmiga ta’sirining molekulyar
mexanizmlari, ACAT1 fermenti faolligining o‘zgarishi, lizosoma sinapsining
shakllanishi va uning aterogenezdagi o‘rni batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu
mexanizmlarni tushunish aterosklerozni davolash va oldini olishning yangi
strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
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